# GMAT Logical Fallacy Types > Comprehensive guide to identifying and analyzing different types of logical fallacies in critical reasoning arguments - **Canonical URL:** https://flashcards.world/flashcards/sets/1f4f84ee-cf89-4d61-bada-268a029a1c91/ - **Markdown URL:** https://flashcards.world/flashcards/sets/1f4f84ee-cf89-4d61-bada-268a029a1c91.md - **Level:** intermediate - **Languages:** en → en - **Total Cards:** 44 ## Flashcards (44 Cards) | # | Front (Term / Prompt) | Back (Definition / Answer) | Example | Multiple-Choice Options | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | 1 | What is a cherry picking fallacy? | A cherry picking fallacy selectively presents evidence that supports a claim while ignoring evidence that contradicts it. | | | | 2 | What is an ad hominem fallacy? | An ad hominem fallacy attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself. | | | | 3 | What is a middle ground fallacy? | A middle ground fallacy assumes that the middle position between two extremes must be the correct one. | | | | 4 | What is a fallacy of false attribution? | A fallacy of false attribution occurs when a claim is supported by citing an unreliable or irrelevant source. | | | | 5 | What is a straw man fallacy? | A straw man fallacy misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack. | | | | 6 | What is a bandwagon fallacy? | A bandwagon fallacy argues that something is true or acceptable simply because it is popular. | | | | 7 | What is a fallacy of presumption? | A fallacy of presumption occurs when an argument is based on an assumption that is not justified. | | | | 8 | What is an appeal to nature fallacy? | An appeal to nature fallacy argues that something is good or valid because it is natural. | | | | 9 | What is an anecdotal fallacy? | An anecdotal fallacy uses personal experience or an isolated example instead of sound reasoning or compelling evidence. | | | | 10 | What is a false cause fallacy? | A false cause fallacy incorrectly identifies the cause of an event. | | | | 11 | What is a hasty generalization fallacy? | A hasty generalization fallacy draws a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence. | | | | 12 | What is an appeal to tradition fallacy? | An appeal to tradition fallacy argues that something is better or correct simply because it is traditional. | | | | 13 | What is a fallacy of the undistributed middle? | A fallacy of the undistributed middle occurs when a middle term in a syllogism is not distributed in at least one premise. | | | | 14 | What is a fallacy of the appeal to fear? | A fallacy of the appeal to fear uses fear as a primary motivator to persuade rather than logical reasoning. | | | | 15 | What is a fallacy of relevance? | A fallacy of relevance occurs when the premises of an argument are not logically relevant to the conclusion. | | | | 16 | What is a fallacy of oversimplification? | A fallacy of oversimplification reduces a complex issue to overly simple terms, ignoring nuances. | | | | 17 | What is a burden of proof fallacy? | A burden of proof fallacy shifts the responsibility of proof to the opponent rather than providing evidence. | | | | 18 | What is a no true Scotsman fallacy? | A no true Scotsman fallacy dismisses counterexamples to a universal claim by redefining the criteria. | | | | 19 | What is an appeal to authority fallacy? | An appeal to authority fallacy relies on the opinion of an authority figure instead of presenting valid evidence. | | | | 20 | What is an appeal to ignorance fallacy? | An appeal to ignorance fallacy asserts that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false. | | | | 21 | What is a red herring fallacy? | A red herring fallacy introduces irrelevant information to distract from the original argument. | | | | 22 | What is a two wrongs make a right fallacy? | A two wrongs make a right fallacy argues that one wrong action can be justified by another wrong action. | | | | 23 | What is a genetic fallacy? | A genetic fallacy judges an argument based on its origin rather than its current meaning or context. | | | | 24 | What is a fallacy of insufficient evidence? | A fallacy of insufficient evidence occurs when a conclusion is drawn without adequate evidence to support it. | | | | 25 | What is an appeal to emotion fallacy? | An appeal to emotion fallacy manipulates emotions instead of presenting logical arguments. | | | | 26 | What is a false analogy fallacy? | A false analogy fallacy compares two things that are not sufficiently alike to warrant the comparison. | | | | 27 | What is a loaded question fallacy? | A loaded question fallacy contains a presumption that traps the respondent into agreeing with an unproven assumption. | | | | 28 | What is a circular reasoning fallacy? | Circular reasoning fallacy occurs when the conclusion of an argument is included in the premise. | | | | 29 | What is a fallacy of distraction? | A fallacy of distraction diverts attention from the main issue or argument. | | | | 30 | What is a false equivalence fallacy? | A false equivalence fallacy inaccurately compares two things as if they are equal when they are not. | | | | 31 | What is a fallacy of ambiguity? | A fallacy of ambiguity arises from unclear or misleading language that confuses the argument. | | | | 32 | What is a division fallacy? | A division fallacy assumes that what is true for the whole is also true for its parts. | | | | 33 | What is a fallacy of appeal to consequences? | A fallacy of appeal to consequences argues that a belief is true or false based on the consequences of accepting it. | | | | 34 | What is a slippery slope fallacy? | A slippery slope fallacy argues that a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related events resulting in a significant impact. | | | | 35 | What is a composition fallacy? | A composition fallacy assumes that what is true for a part is also true for the whole. | | | | 36 | What is a false dilemma fallacy? | A false dilemma fallacy presents only two options when more options may exist. | | | | 37 | What is a tu quoque fallacy? | A tu quoque fallacy dismisses someone's argument by accusing them of hypocrisy. | | | | 38 | What is a fallacy of the false cause? | A fallacy of the false cause incorrectly assumes a causal relationship between two events. | | | | 39 | What is a fallacy of the appeal to pity? | A fallacy of the appeal to pity attempts to persuade by invoking feelings of pity rather than presenting logical arguments. | | | | 40 | What is a logical fallacy? | A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that undermines the logic of an argument. | | | | 41 | What is a fallacy of composition? | A fallacy of composition assumes that what is true for individual members of a group is also true for the group as a whole. | | | | 42 | What is a post hoc fallacy? | A post hoc fallacy assumes that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second. | | | | 43 | What is a special pleading fallacy? | A special pleading fallacy applies standards, principles, or rules to one side of an argument but not the other. | | | | 44 | What is a fallacy of equivocation? | A fallacy of equivocation uses ambiguous language to mislead or confuse. | | | --- Study this deck interactively with FSRS-6 spaced repetition, audio review, and multiple-choice mode at [Flashcards World](https://flashcards.world/flashcards/sets/1f4f84ee-cf89-4d61-bada-268a029a1c91/).