GMAT Logical Fallacy Types

Comprehensive guide to identifying and analyzing different types of logical fallacies in critical reasoning arguments

Level
intermediate
Languages
en → en
Cards
44
Markdown
GMAT Logical Fallacy Types (.md)

Flashcards (44)

#Front (Term / Question)Back (Definition / Answer)ExampleMultiple-Choice Options
1What is a cherry picking fallacy?A cherry picking fallacy selectively presents evidence that supports a claim while ignoring evidence that contradicts it.
2What is an ad hominem fallacy?An ad hominem fallacy attacks the person making an argument rather than the argument itself.
3What is a middle ground fallacy?A middle ground fallacy assumes that the middle position between two extremes must be the correct one.
4What is a fallacy of false attribution?A fallacy of false attribution occurs when a claim is supported by citing an unreliable or irrelevant source.
5What is a straw man fallacy?A straw man fallacy misrepresents an opponent's argument to make it easier to attack.
6What is a bandwagon fallacy?A bandwagon fallacy argues that something is true or acceptable simply because it is popular.
7What is a fallacy of presumption?A fallacy of presumption occurs when an argument is based on an assumption that is not justified.
8What is an appeal to nature fallacy?An appeal to nature fallacy argues that something is good or valid because it is natural.
9What is an anecdotal fallacy?An anecdotal fallacy uses personal experience or an isolated example instead of sound reasoning or compelling evidence.
10What is a false cause fallacy?A false cause fallacy incorrectly identifies the cause of an event.
11What is a hasty generalization fallacy?A hasty generalization fallacy draws a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence.
12What is an appeal to tradition fallacy?An appeal to tradition fallacy argues that something is better or correct simply because it is traditional.
13What is a fallacy of the undistributed middle?A fallacy of the undistributed middle occurs when a middle term in a syllogism is not distributed in at least one premise.
14What is a fallacy of the appeal to fear?A fallacy of the appeal to fear uses fear as a primary motivator to persuade rather than logical reasoning.
15What is a fallacy of relevance?A fallacy of relevance occurs when the premises of an argument are not logically relevant to the conclusion.
16What is a fallacy of oversimplification?A fallacy of oversimplification reduces a complex issue to overly simple terms, ignoring nuances.
17What is a burden of proof fallacy?A burden of proof fallacy shifts the responsibility of proof to the opponent rather than providing evidence.
18What is a no true Scotsman fallacy?A no true Scotsman fallacy dismisses counterexamples to a universal claim by redefining the criteria.
19What is an appeal to authority fallacy?An appeal to authority fallacy relies on the opinion of an authority figure instead of presenting valid evidence.
20What is an appeal to ignorance fallacy?An appeal to ignorance fallacy asserts that a proposition is true because it has not been proven false.
21What is a red herring fallacy?A red herring fallacy introduces irrelevant information to distract from the original argument.
22What is a two wrongs make a right fallacy?A two wrongs make a right fallacy argues that one wrong action can be justified by another wrong action.
23What is a genetic fallacy?A genetic fallacy judges an argument based on its origin rather than its current meaning or context.
24What is a fallacy of insufficient evidence?A fallacy of insufficient evidence occurs when a conclusion is drawn without adequate evidence to support it.
25What is an appeal to emotion fallacy?An appeal to emotion fallacy manipulates emotions instead of presenting logical arguments.
26What is a false analogy fallacy?A false analogy fallacy compares two things that are not sufficiently alike to warrant the comparison.
27What is a loaded question fallacy?A loaded question fallacy contains a presumption that traps the respondent into agreeing with an unproven assumption.
28What is a circular reasoning fallacy?Circular reasoning fallacy occurs when the conclusion of an argument is included in the premise.
29What is a fallacy of distraction?A fallacy of distraction diverts attention from the main issue or argument.
30What is a false equivalence fallacy?A false equivalence fallacy inaccurately compares two things as if they are equal when they are not.
31What is a fallacy of ambiguity?A fallacy of ambiguity arises from unclear or misleading language that confuses the argument.
32What is a division fallacy?A division fallacy assumes that what is true for the whole is also true for its parts.
33What is a fallacy of appeal to consequences?A fallacy of appeal to consequences argues that a belief is true or false based on the consequences of accepting it.
34What is a slippery slope fallacy?A slippery slope fallacy argues that a relatively small first step will inevitably lead to a chain of related events resulting in a significant impact.
35What is a composition fallacy?A composition fallacy assumes that what is true for a part is also true for the whole.
36What is a false dilemma fallacy?A false dilemma fallacy presents only two options when more options may exist.
37What is a tu quoque fallacy?A tu quoque fallacy dismisses someone's argument by accusing them of hypocrisy.
38What is a fallacy of the false cause?A fallacy of the false cause incorrectly assumes a causal relationship between two events.
39What is a fallacy of the appeal to pity?A fallacy of the appeal to pity attempts to persuade by invoking feelings of pity rather than presenting logical arguments.
40What is a logical fallacy?A logical fallacy is an error in reasoning that undermines the logic of an argument.
41What is a fallacy of composition?A fallacy of composition assumes that what is true for individual members of a group is also true for the group as a whole.
42What is a post hoc fallacy?A post hoc fallacy assumes that because one event followed another, the first event caused the second.
43What is a special pleading fallacy?A special pleading fallacy applies standards, principles, or rules to one side of an argument but not the other.
44What is a fallacy of equivocation?A fallacy of equivocation uses ambiguous language to mislead or confuse.